Soft tissue grafting is usually undertaken to combat gum recession. Periodontal disease, trauma, aging, over brushing, and poor tooth positioning are the leading causes of gum recession which can lead to tooth-root exposure and pain in severe cases.

When the roots of the teeth become exposed, eating hot and cold foods can become uncomfortable, decay is more prevalent and the aesthetic appearance of the smile is altered. The main goal of soft tissue grafting is to either cover the exposed root or to thicken the existing gum tissue in order to stop further tissue loss.